Signal-responsive frac ball and hydraulic fracturing system

ABSTRACT

There is provided a fluid communication-interference body for interfering with fluid communication through an opening within a wellbore, comprising a sensor configured for sensing an actuating signal; a trigger configured for establishing a fluid passage extending though the body in response to the sensing of a signal by the sensor.

FIELD

The present disclosure to bodies, deployable by flowing fluids, for landing on corresponding seats within a wellbore, for interfering with fluid communication within the wellbore.

BACKGROUND

Plugs, frac balls, and other deployable bodies, are used for effecting zonal isolation within a wellbore to enable multi-stage fraccing. Such bodies are intended to provide sufficient zonal isolation to enable manipulation of wellbore components, such as sleeves, through pressurization within a selected zone.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, there is provided a fluid communication-interference body for interfering with fluid communication through an opening within a wellbore, comprising: a sensor configured for sensing an actuating signal; a trigger configured for establishing a fluid passage extending though the body in response to the sensing of a signal by the sensor.

In another aspect, there is provided a fluid communication-interference body for interfering with fluid communication through an opening within a wellbore, comprising: a sensor; a sealing interface; and an actuator; wherein the actuator is responsive to sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor, for changing a condition of the sealing interface such that the sealing interface becomes disposed in a defeatable condition, such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface is defeated and establishment of a fluid passage extending through the body is effected.

In yet another aspect, there is provided a process for implementing a wellbore operation within a wellbore disposed within a subterranean formation, comprising: conducting fluid through an opening within the wellbore; seating the fluid communication-interference body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 against a seat disposed within the wellbore such that the closing of the opening is effected; and after the seating of the fluid communication-interference body against the seat has been effected, transmitting an actuating signal downhole such that the actuating signal is sensed by the sensor of the fluid communication-interference body, such that the fluid passage is established and is disposed in fluid communication with the opening.

In yet still another aspect, there is provided a process for implementing a wellbore operation within a wellbore disposed within a subterranean formation, comprising: conducting fluid through an opening within the wellbore; seating the fluid communication-interference body as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 against a seat disposed within the wellbore such that the closing of the opening is effected; and after the seating of the fluid communication-interference body against the seat has been effected, transmitting an actuating signal downhole such that the actuating signal is sensed by the sensor of the fluid communication-interference body, such that the sealing interface becomes disposed in a defeatable condition; and while the sealing interface is disposed in the defeatable condition, supplying pressurized fluid to the wellbore such that the sealing interface receives the pressurized fluid with effect that the sealing interface becomes defeated and such that the fluid passage is established and is disposed in fluid communication with the opening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments will now be described with the following accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a sectional view of an embodiment of a fluid communication-interference body of the present disclosure, with the passageway being sealed;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a sectional view of the fluid communication-interference body of FIG. 1, with the sealing interface having been defeated and the passageway having become unsealed;

FIG. 3 is identical to FIG. 2, and further illustrating the flow path for fluid through the fluid passage having become established in the fluid communication-interference body;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a sectional view of another embodiment of a fluid communication-interference body of the present disclosure, with the passageway being sealed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a sectional view of the fluid communication-interference body of FIG. 4, with the sealing interface having been defeated and the passageway having become unsealed;

FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 5, and further illustrating the flow path for fluid through the fluid passage having become established in the fluid communication-interference body;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a system for effecting fluid communication between the surface and a subterranean formation via a wellbore having a seat for receiving the the fluid communication-interference body of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a system for effecting fluid communication between the surface and a subterranean formation via a wellbore having a seat for receiving the the fluid communication-interference body of the present disclosure, with a seismic source disposed at the surface;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a flow control apparatus, showing the port disposed in the closed condition, and with both of the flow control valve member and the pressure control valve member disposed in the closed positions;

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of Detail “A” in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the flow control apparatus illustrated in FIG. 9, showing the port disposed in the closed condition, and with the pressure control valve member disposed in the open position, and with the flow control valve member disposed in the closed position;

FIG. 12 is a detailed view of Detail “B” in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the flow control apparatus illustrated in FIG. 9, showing the port disposed in the open condition, and with both of the flow control valve member and the pressure control valve member disposed in the open positions;

FIG. 14 is a detailed view of Detail “C” in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a detailed view of Detail “D” in FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is sectional view of a fragment of another embodiment of the flow control apparatus having an exploding bolt, illustrated prior to fracturing of the bolt;

FIG. 17 is sectional view of a fragment of the embodiment of the flow control apparatus shown in FIG. 16, illustrated after fracturing of the bolt;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 8, there is provided a fluid communication-interference body 10 for interfering with fluid communication through an opening 102 within a wellbore 100 (see FIGS. 7 and 8).

FIGS. 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 are sectional views of embodiments of the fluid communication-interference body 10. The fluid communication-interference body 10 can be of any suitable form, including a plug, a ball, or a dart, so long as the form is conducive for effecting interference with fluid communication through an opening within the wellbore. In some embodiments, for example, the fluid communication-interference body 10 is a frac plug.

The fluid communication-interference body 10 includes a sensor 12. The sensor 12 is configured for sensing an actuating signal. In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is transmitted through the wellbore 100. In some of these embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is transmitted via fluid disposed within the wellbore 100.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 12 is a pressure sensor, and the actuating signal is one or more pressure pulses. An exemplary pressure sensor is a Kellar Pressure Transducer Model 6LHP/81188™.

Other suitable sensors may be employed, depending on the nature of the signal being used for the actuating signal. Other suitable sensors include a Hall effect sensor, a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) sensor, or a sensor that can detect a change in chemistry (such as, for example, pH), or radiation levels, or ultrasonic waves.

In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure pulse is further characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a duration.

In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude and a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the actuating signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, each one of pressure pulses is characterized by time intervals between the pulses.

A fluid passage 16, extending through the fluid communication-interference body 10, is established, or is establishable, in response to the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, in one aspect, the body 10 includes a trigger 14 configured for establishing the fluid passage 16 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) extending though the body 10, in response to the sensing of a signal by the sensor 12. In some embodiments, for example, the established fluid passage 16 extends between a first port 18, defined at a first surface portion 23 of the body 10, and a second port 22, defined at a second surface portion 22 of the body 10. In some embodiments, for example, relative to the first port 18, the second port 22 is disposed on an opposite side of the body 10.

In some embodiments, for example, the body 10 further includes a sealing interface 15, and the trigger 14 includes an actuator 20 for defeating the sealing interface 15. The actuator 20 is responsive to sensing of the signal by the sensor 12 for defeating the sealing interface 15 such that the establishment of the fluid passage 16 is effected.

In some embodiments, for example, the body further includes a housing 11 and a valve 24, and the sealing interface 15 is defined by sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 24 and the housing 11. In some embodiments, for example, the valve 24 carries sealing members 15A (e.g. o-rings) for effecting the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 15 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 24. Also in this respect, the actuator 20 is configured to effect a change in condition of the valve 24 (in response to the sensing of the signal by the sensor 12) such that there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 24 and the housing 11. As a result, there is a loss of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 24 and the housing 11, such that establishment of the fluid passage 16 is effected, and, in this respect, such that the sealing interface 15 is defeated.

In some embodiments, for example, the valve 24 is displaceable, and the change in condition of the valve 24, which the actuator 20 is configured to effect in response to the sensing of an actuating signal by the sensor 12, includes displacement of the valve 24. In this respect, the actuator 20 is configured to effect displacement of the valve 24 such that the establishment of the fluid passage 16 is effected, and, in this respect, such that the sealing interface 15 is defeated.

In some embodiments, for example, the body 10 further includes a passageway 26. The valve 24 and the passageway 26 are co-operatively disposed such that the fluid passage 16 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 24, effected in response to the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12. In this respect, the establishing of the fluid passage 16 is controlled by the positioning of the valve 24 within the passageway 26. The valve 24 is configured for displacement relative to the passageway 26. In some embodiments, for example, the valve 24 includes a piston. The displacement of the valve 24 is from a closed position (see FIGS. 1) to an open position (FIGS. 2 and 3). In some embodiments, for example, when disposed in the closed position, the valve 24 is occluding the passageway 26. In some embodiments, for example, when the valve 24 is disposed in the closed position, sealing, or substantial sealing, of fluid communication, between the first port 18 and the second port 22. When the valve 24 is disposed in the open position, fluid communication is effected between the first port 18 and the second port 22 via the established fluid passage 16.

In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 20 includes an electro-mechanical trigger, such as a squib. The squib is configured to, in response to the signal received by the sensor 12, effect generation of an explosion. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is mounted within the body such that the generated explosion effects the displacement of the valve 24.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 6, in another aspect, the body 10 includes a sealing interface 115 and an actuator 120. The actuator is responsive to sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, for changing a condition of the sealing interface 115 such that the sealing interface 115 becomes disposed in a defeatable condition such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 is defeated such that the establishment of the fluid passage 16 (see FIGS. 5 and 6), extending through the body 10, is effected. In this respect, while the sealing interface 115 is disposed in the defeatable condition, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 becomes defeated such that the establishment of the fluid passage 16, extending though the body 10, is effected.

In some embodiments, for example, the established fluid passage 16 extends between a first port 118, defined at a first surface portion 120 of the body 10, and a second port 122, defined at a second surface portion 123 of the body 10. In some embodiments, for example, relative to the first port 118, the second port 122 is disposed on an opposite side of the body 10.

In some embodiments, for example, the body 10 further includes a housing 111 and a valve 124, and the valve 124 is disposed within the housing 111. The sealing interface 115 is defined by sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 115 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 124. Also in this respect, the actuator 120 is configured to effect the change in condition of the valve 124 (in response to the sensing of the signal by the sensor 12) such that the sealing interface 115 becomes disposed in the defeatable condition. In this respect, while the sealing interface 115 (defined by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111) is disposed in the defeatable condition (the defeatible condition having been effected in response to the change in condition of the valve 124), in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111. As a result, there is a loss of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111, such that the establishment of the fluid passage 16, extending through the body 10, is effected, and such that fluid communication between the ports 118, 122 becomes established, and, in this respect, such that the sealing interface 115 is defeated.

In some embodiments, for example, the valve 124 includes a sealing surface 124A configured for effecting the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111. In this respect, the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111 is effected by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 124A and a housing sealing surface 111A. Also in this respect, the change in condition of the valve 124 is such that the valve sealing surface 124A becomes displaceable relative to the housing sealing surface 111A for effecting a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 124A and the housing sealing surface 111A, resulting in the establishment of the fluid passage 16, extending through the body 10, and also with effect that fluid communication between the ports 118, 122 becomes established, and, in this respect, such that the sealing interface 115 is defeated. Also in this respect, the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111, that is effected in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid while the valve 124 is disposed in a fractured condition, includes the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 124A and the housing sealing surface 111A.

In some embodiments, for example, the body 10 further includes a passageway 126, and the passageway extends between the first and second ports 118, 122. The valve 124 and the passageway 126 are co-operatively disposed such that the fluid passage 16 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 124, effected in response to the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 112. Sealing, or substantial sealing, of the passageway 126 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 124A and the housing sealing surface 111A). Also in this respect, sealing, or substantially sealing, of fluid communication between the first and second ports 118, 122 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 124A and the housing sealing surface 111A).

In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 120 includes a squib, and the change in condition of the sealing interface 115 (and also, in some embodiments, for example, the valve 124) is effected by an explosion generated by the squib in response to sensing of the signal by the sensor 126. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is suitably mounted within the housing 112 to apply the necessary force to the valve 124. Another suitable valve actuator 120 is a fuse-able link or a piston pusher.

In some embodiments, for example, the change in condition of the valve 124 includes a fracturing of the valve 124. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the fracture is identified by reference numeral 252. In some embodiments, for example, while the valve 124 is disposed in a fractured condition, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111 is effected, such that there is an absence of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 124 and the housing 111, and such that the fluid passage 16, extending through the body 10, is established, and such that fluid communication between the ports 118, 122 becomes established, and, in this respect, such that the sealing interface 115 is defeated.

In those embodiments where the change in condition of the valve 124 includes a fracturing of the valve 124, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 124 includes a coupler 124B that effects coupling of the valve 124 to the housing 111 while the change in condition is effected. In some embodiments, for example, the coupler 124B is threaded to the housing 12. In those embodiments where the valve 124 includes a coupler 124B, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 124 and the actuator 120 are defined by an exploding bolt 150, such that the exploding bolt 150 is threaded to the housing 111. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is integrated into the bolt 150.

In some embodiments, for example, the body 10 further includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive a sensor-transmitted signal from the sensor 12 upon the sensing of the actuating signal and, in response to the received sensor-transmitted signal, supply a transmitted signal to the trigger 14, or the actuator 120. In some embodiments, for example, the controller and the sensor 12 are powered by a battery that is disposed on-board within the body 10. Passages for wiring for electrically interconnecting the battery, the sensor 12, the controller and the trigger 14, or the actuator 120, as the case may be, are also provided within the body 10.

As above-mentioned, in some embodiments, for example, the fluid communication-interference body 10 is configured for interfering with fluid communication through an opening 102 within a wellbore 100.

In some embodiments, for example, the seat 104 is provided for receiving seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10 such that closing of the opening 102 is effected. In some embodiments, for example, the seat 104 surrounds the opening 102. In some embodiments, for example, the seat 104 is positioned within a wellbore string 200 that is disposed within a wellbore 100 formed within a subterranean formation 110. In some embodiments, for example, it may be desirable to effect zonal isolation by closing, or sealing (or substantially sealing), the opening 102, and then later re-opening the opening 102. In this respect, the seat 104 is configured to receive the fluid communication-interference body 10 for effecting zonal isolation, between zones that are communicating via the opening 102, with the opportunity of re-opening the opening 102 by effecting the establishment of the fluid passage 16 through the fluid communication-interference body 10.

In this respect, there is provided a process including: after the conducting of fluid through the opening 102, seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10 against the seat 104 such that the closing of the opening 102 is effected, and, after the seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10 against the seat 104 has been effected, transmitting an actuating signal downhole such that the actuating signal is sensed by the sensor 12. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10 on the seat 104 is effected by landing of the fluid communication-interference body 10 on the seat 104 by conducting the fluid communication-interference body 10 downhole with fluid that is supplied to and is flowing within the wellbore 200.

In those embodiments where the fluid communication-interference body 10 includes a trigger 14 configured for establishing a fluid passage 16 extending through the body 10, in response to the sensing of an actuating signal by the sensor 12, upon the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, the fluid passage 16 is established such that fluid communication is effected through the opening 102.

In those embodiments where, in response to the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 112, the sealing interface 115 of the fluid communication-interference body 10 becomes defeatable (such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 is defeated such that the establishment of a fluid passage 16 extending through the body 10 is effected), upon the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, a change in condition of the sealing interface 115 of the fluid communication-interference body 10 is effected such that the sealing interface 115 becomes defeatable. After the change in condition of the sealing interface 115, a pressurized fluid is communicated such that the communicated pressurized fluid is received by the sealing interface 115, and in response to the receiving of the communicated pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 is defeated such that the fluid passage 16 is established such that fluid communication is effected between the fluid passage and the opening 102.

In some embodiments, for example, the opening 102 is disposed uphole relative to a port 218 defined within the wellbore string 200 for effecting fluid communication between the surface and the port 218 via the wellbore 100. The seat 104 is defined within the wellbore string and is configured for seating the fluid communication-interference body 10 such that the fluid communication-interference body closes the opening 102 such that a sealing interface is defined such that fluid communication between the surface and the port 218, and, therefore, the subterranean formation 110, via the opening 104, is sealed or substantially sealed. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10 on the seat 104 is effected by landing of the fluid communication-interference body 10 on the seat 104 by conducting the fluid communication-interference body 10 downhole with fluid that is supplied to and is flowing downhole within the wellbore 200.

In some embodiments, for example, the wellbore string 200 further includes a flow control member 214 for controlling fluid communication, via the port 218, between the wellbore 100 and the subterranean formation 110. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 is in the form of a sleeve. In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 is displaceable between a closed position and an open position. While the flow control member 214 is disposed in the closed position, the port 218 is disposed in a closed condition. In some embodiments, for example, while the flow control member 214 is disposed in the closed position, sealing, or substantial sealing, of fluid communication, via the port 218, is effected between the wellbore 100 and the subterranean formation 110. While the flow control member 214 is disposed in the open position, the port 218 is disposed in an open condition, and fluid communication, via the port 218, is effected between the wellbore 100 and the subterranean formation 110.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 is displaceable from a closed position to an open position for effecting opening of the port 218, but is not designed to return to the closed position. An example where the flow control member 214 is not designed to return to the closed position is a “toe valve” or “toe sleeve”. In other embodiments, upon the flow control member 14 becoming disposed in the open position, attempts to close the flow control member 14 are unsuccessful.

After a treatment operation, involving the conducting of fluid via the port 218 (such as, for example, the supplying of treatment fluid into the subterranean formation 110, such as, for example, during a hydraulic fracturing operation) has been effected, it may be desirable to close the port 218, at least temporarily, with the intention of later re-opening the port 218 (such as, for example, in order to receive production of reservoir fluids, from the subterranean formation 110, within the wellbore 100).

In this respect, a process is provided and includes displacing a flow control member 214 for effecting opening of a port 218 within a wellbore 100, conducting fluid via the opened port 218, and, after the conducting, seating a fluid communication-interference body 10 on a seat 104 such that an opening 102, disposed uphole of the port 218, becomes closed. In some embodiments, for example, the seating of a fluid communication-interference body 10 is such that fluid communication between the surface and the subterranean formation, via the port 218, becomes sealed or substantially sealed.

After the seating of the fluid communication-interference body 10, an actuating signal is transmitted downhole such that the signal is sensed by the sensor 12.

In those embodiments where the fluid communication-interference body 10 includes a trigger 14 configured for establishment of a fluid passage 16 extending through the body 10, response to the sensing of an actuating signal by the sensor 12, upon the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, the fluid passage 16 is established such that fluid communication is effected through the port 218.

In those embodiments where, in response to the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, the sealing interface 115 of the fluid communication-interference body 10 becomes defeatable (such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 is defeated such that the establishment of a fluid passage 16 extending through the body 10 is effected), upon the sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor 12, a change in condition of the sealing interface 115 of the fluid communication-interference body 10 is effected such that the sealing interface 115 becomes defeatable After the change in condition of the sealing interface 115, a pressurized fluid is communicated such that the communicated pressurized fluid is received by the sealing interface 115, and in response to the receiving of the communicated pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 115 is defeated such that the fluid passage 16 is established and such that fluid communication is effected between the fluid passage and the port 218.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 is integrated within a flow control apparatus 310 and includes a fluid responsive surface 220 for receiving communication of a pressurized fluid for urging the displacement of the flow control member 214 between the closed and open positions, and the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a sensor 326, a housing 312, and a trigger 313. The housing 312 includes a housing passage 316, and the housing 312 is integratable within the wellbore string 200, such as by a threaded connection. The trigger 313 is responsive to the sensing of a trigger-actuating (“TI”) signal by the sensor, with effect that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 in response to the sensing of a trigger-actuating (“TI”) signal by the sensor 326. In this respect, while the flow control apparatus 310 is integrated within the wellbore string 200 such that the housing passage 316 is disposed in fluid communication with the surface via the wellbore 100, and while a TI signal is being transmitted (such as, for example, via the wellbore), in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326, fluid communication between the surface and the fluid responsive surface 220, via the wellbore 100, is established by the trigger 313.

In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is transmitted through the wellbore 100. In some of these embodiments, for example, the TI signal is transmitted via fluid disposed within the wellbore 100.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is a pressure sensor, and the actuating signal is one or more pressure pulses. An exemplary pressure sensor is a Kellar Pressure Transducer Model 6LHP/81188™.

Other suitable sensors may be employed, depending on the nature of the signal being used for the actuating signal. Other suitable sensors include a Hall effect sensor, a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) sensor, or a sensor that can detect a change in chemistry (such as, for example, pH), or radiation levels, or ultrasonic waves.

In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is one or more pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure pulse is further characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a duration.

In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude and a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the TI signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, each one of pressure pulses is characterized by time intervals between the pulses.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is disposed in communication within the wellbore 100, and the TI signal is being transmitted within the wellbore 100, such that the sensor 326 is disposed for sensing the TI signal being transmitted within the wellbore 100. In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is disposed within the wellbore 100. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is mounted to the housing 112 within a hole that is ported to the wellbore 200, and is held in by a backing plate that is configured to resist the force generated by pressure acting on the sensor 326.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 326 is configured to receive a signal generated by a seismic source. In some embodiments, for example, the seismic source includes a seismic vibrator unit. In some of these embodiments, for example, the seismic vibration unit is disposed at the surface 10.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a sealing interface 315, and the trigger 313 includes an actuator 322 for defeating the sealing interface 315. In this respect, the actuator 322 is responsive to sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326. for defeating the sealing interface 315 such that the establishment of fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is effected.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a valve 324, and the sealing interface 315 is defined by a sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 324 and the housing 312. In some embodiments, for example, the sealing interface 315 is defined by sealing members 315A (such as, for example, o-rings) carried by the valve 324. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 315 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 324. Also in this respect, the actuator 322 is configured to effect a change in condition of the valve 324 (in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326) such that there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 324 and the housing 312, such that the sealing interface 315 is defeated, and such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is established.

In some embodiments, for example, the valve 324 is displaceable, and the change in condition of the valve 324, which the actuator 322 is configured to effect in response to the sensing of a TI signal by the sensor 326, includes displacement of the valve 324. In this respect, the actuator 322 is configured to effect displacement of the valve 324 such that the sealing interface 315 is defeated and such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is established.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a passageway 326. The valve 324 and the passageway 326 are co-operatively disposed such that fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 324, which is effected in response to the sensing of the TI signal by the sensor 326. In this respect, the establishing of the fluid communication between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is controlled by the positioning of the valve 324 within the passageway 326. In this respect, the valve 324 is configured for displacement relative to the passageway 326. In some embodiments, for example, the valve 324 includes a piston. The displacement of the valve 324 is from a closed position (see FIG. 4) to an open position (see FIGS. 5 and 6). In some embodiments, for example, when disposed in the closed position, the valve 324 is occluding the passageway 326. In some embodiments, for example, when the valve 324 is disposed in the closed position, sealing, or substantial sealing, of fluid communication, between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220 is effected. When the valve 324 is disposed in the open position, fluid communication is effected between the housing passage 316 and the fluid responsive surface 220.

In some embodiments, for example, the passageway 326 extends through the flow control member 214, and the valve 324 is disposed in a space within the flow control member 214, such that the displacement of the valve 324 is also relative to the flow control member 214.

In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 322 includes an electro-mechanical trigger, such as a squib. The squib is configured to, in response to the signal received by the sensor 326, effect generation of an explosion. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is mounted within the body such that the generated explosion effects the displacement of the valve 324. Another suitable actuator 322 is a fuse-able link or a piston pusher.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes first and second chambers 334, 336. The first chamber 334 is disposed in fluid communication with the fluid responsive surface 220 for receiving pressurized fluid from the housing passage 316, and the second chamber 336 is configured for containing a fluid and disposed relative to the flow control member 214 such that fluid contained within the second chamber 336 opposes the displacement of the flow control apparatus 310 that is being urged by pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334, and the displacement of the flow control member 214 is effected when the force imparted to the flow control member 214 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334 exceeds the force imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber 336. In some embodiments, for example, the displacement of the flow control member 214 is effected when the pressure imparted to the flow control member 214 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 334 exceeds the pressure imparted to the flow control member 214 by the fluid within the second chamber 336.

In some embodiments, for example, both of the first and second chambers 334, 336 are defined by respective spaces interposed between the housing 312 and the flow control member 214, and a chamber sealing member 338 is also included for effecting a sealing interface between the chambers 334, 336, while the flow control member 214 is being displaced to effect the opening of the port 318.

In some embodiments, for example, to mitigate versus inadvertent opening, the valve 324 may, initially, be detachably secured to the housing 312, in the closed position. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the detachable securing is effected by a shear pin configured for becoming sheared, in response to application of sufficient shearing force, such that the valve 324 becomes movable from the closed position to the open position. In some embodiments, for example, the shearing force is effected by the actuator 312.

In some embodiments, for example, to prevent the inadvertent opening of the valve 324, the valve 324 may be biased to the closed position, such as by, for example, a resilient member such as a spring. In this respect, the actuator 322 used for effecting opening of the valve 324 must exert sufficient force to at least overcome the biasing force being applied to the valve 324 that is maintaining the valve 324 in the closed position.

In some embodiments, for example, to prevent the inadvertent opening of the valve 324, the valve 324 may be pressure balanced such that the valve 324 is disposed in the closed position.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 310 further includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive a sensor-transmitted signal from the sensor 326 upon the sensing of the TI signal and, in response to the received sensor-transmitted signal, supply a transmitted signal to the trigger 313. In some embodiments, for example, the controller and the sensor 326 are powered by a battery that is disposed on-board within the flow control apparatus 310. Passages for wiring for electrically interconnecting the battery, the sensor, the controller and the trigger are also provided within the apparatus 310.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 is integrated within a flow control apparatus 410 that includes a sensor 426, and the flow control member 214 is displaceable from the closed position to the open position in response to urging by a pressurized fluid that is communicated to the flow control member after the defeating of a sealing interface 415, the defeating of the sealing interface 415 being actuated by communication of a pressurized fluid while the sealing interface 415 is disposed in a defeatable condition, the sealing interface 415 having become disposed in the defeatable condition in response to the sensing of a sealing interface actuation (“SIA”) signal by the sensor 426.

In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is transmitted through the wellbore 100. In some of these embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is transmitted via fluid disposed within the wellbore 100.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is a pressure sensor, and the actuaSlAng signal is one or more pressure pulses. An exemplary pressure sensor is a Kellar Pressure Transducer Model 6LHP/81188™.

Other suitable sensors may be employed, depending on the nature of the signal being used for the actuang signal. Other suitable sensors include a Hall effect sensor, a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) sensor, or a sensor that can detect a change in chemistry (such as, for example, pH), or radiation levels, or ultrasonic waves.

In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is one or more pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the pressure pulse is further characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a pressure pulse characterized by at least a duration.

In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a magnitude and a duration. In some embodiments, for example, the SIA signal is defined by a plurality of pressure pulses, each one of the pressure pulses characterized by at least a duration. In some embodiments, for example, each one of pressure pulses is characterized by time intervals between the pulses.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is disposed in communication within the wellbore 100, and the SIA signal is being transmitted within the wellbore 100, such that the sensor 426 is disposed for sensing the SIA signal being transmitted within the wellbore 100. In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is disposed within the wellbore 100. In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is mounted to the housing 412 within a hole that is ported to the wellbore 200, and is held in by a backing plate that is configured to resist the force generated by pressure acting on the sensor 426.

In some embodiments, for example, the sensor 426 is configured to receive a signal generated by a seismic source. In some embodiments, for example, the seismic source includes a seismic vibrator unit. In some of these embodiments, for example, the seismic vibration unit is disposed at the surface 10.

In this respect, in some embodiments, for example, the flow control member 214 includes a fluid responsive surface 220 for receiving communication of a pressurized fluid for urging displacement of the flow control member 214. As well, the flow control apparatus 410 includes a housing 412 that is integratable within the wellbore string 200, such as by a threaded connection, and a housing passage 416 is defined within the housing 412. The flow control apparatus 410 also includes a sealing interface 415 and an actuator 422. The actuator 422 is responsive to sensing of the SIA signal by the sensor 426, for changing a condition of the sealing interface 415 such that the sealing interface 415 becomes disposed in a defeatable condition such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus further includes a valve 424, and the sealing interface 415 is defined by sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. In this respect, the change in condition of the sealing interface 415 is effected by a change in condition of the valve 424. Also in this respect, the actuator 422 is configured to effect a change in condition of the valve 424 (in response to the sensing of the signal by the sensor 426) such that the sealing interface 415 becomes disposed in the defeatable condition. In this respect, while the sealing interface 415 (defined by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412) is disposed in the defeatable condition (the defeatible condition having been effected in response to the change in condition of the valve 424, as above-described), in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, there is a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. As a result, there is a loss of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated, and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.

In some embodiments, for example, the valve 424 includes a valve sealing surface 424A configured for effecting the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412. In this respect, the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 is effected by the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and a housing sealing surface 412A. Also in this respect, the change in condition of the valve 424 is such that the valve sealing surface 424A becomes displaceable relative to the housing sealing surface 412A for effecting a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A, such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420. Also in this respect, the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, that is effected in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid while the valve 424 is disposed such that the valve sealing surface 424A is displaceable relative to the housing sealing surface 412A, includes the loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes a passageway 427, and the passageway extends between the housing passage 412 and the fluid responsive surface 420. The valve 424 and the passageway 427 are co-operatively disposed such that the fluid communication between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420 is established in response to the displacement of the valve 424 relative to the passageway 427, effected in response to the sensing of the SIA by the sensor 426. Sealing, or substantial sealing, of the passageway 427 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A). Also in this respect, sealing, or substantially sealing, of fluid communication between the housing passage 412 and the fluid responsive surface 420 is effected by the sealing or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 (and, in some embodiments, for example, the valve sealing surface 424A and the housing sealing surface 412A).

In some embodiments, for example, the actuator 422 includes a squib, and the change in condition of the sealing interface 415 (and also, in some embodiments, for example, the valve 424) is effected by an explosion generated by the squib in response to sensing of the signal by the sensor 426. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is suitably mounted within the housing 412 to apply the necessary force to the valve 424. Another suitable valve actuator 42 is a fuse-able link or a piston pusher.

In some embodiments, for example, the change in condition of the valve 424 includes a fracturing of the valve 424. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17, the fracture is identified by reference numeral 452. In some embodiments, for example, while the valve 424 is disposed in a fractured condition, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, a loss of the sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412 is effected, such that there is an absence of sealing, or substantially sealing, engagement between the valve 424 and the housing 412, and such that the sealing interface 415 is defeated and such that fluid communication is established between the housing passage 416 and the fluid responsive surface 420.

In those embodiments where the change in condition of the valve 424 includes a fracturing of the valve 424, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 424 includes a coupler 424B that effects coupling of the valve 424 to the housing 412 while the change in condition is effected. In some embodiments, for example, the coupler 424B is threaded to the housing 412. In those embodiments where the valve 424 includes a coupler 424B, in some of these embodiments, for example, the valve 424 and the actuator 422 are defined by an exploding bolt 350, such that the exploding bolt 350 is threaded to the housing 412. In some embodiments, for example, the squib is integrated into the bolt 350.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes first and second chambers (only the first chamber 434 is shown). The first chamber 434 is disposed in fluid communication with the fluid responsive surface 420 for receiving pressurized fluid from the housing passage 412, and the second chamber is configured for containing a fluid and disposed relative to the flow control member 214 such that fluid contained within the second chamber opposes the displacement of the flow control apparatus 410 that is being urged by pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434, and the displacement of the flow control member 214 is effected when the force imparted to the flow control member 214 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434 exceeds the force imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber. In some embodiments, for example, the displacement of the flow control member 214 is effected when the pressure imparted to the flow control member 214 by the pressurized fluid within the first chamber 434 exceeds the pressure imparted to the flow control member by the fluid within the second chamber. In some embodiments, for example, the fluid within the second chamber is disposed at atmospheric pressure.

In some embodiments, for example, both of the first and second chambers are defined by respective spaces interposed between the housing 412 and the flow control member 214, and a chamber sealing member 438 is also included for effecting a sealing interface between the first and second chambers while the flow control member 214 is being displaced to effect the opening of the port 418.

In some embodiments, for example, the flow control apparatus 410 further includes a controller. The controller is configured to receive a sensor-transmitted signal from the sensor 426 upon the sensing of the SIA signal and, in response to the received sensor-transmitted signal, supply a transmitted signal to the actuator 422. In some embodiments, for example, the controller and the sensor 426 are powered by a battery that is disposed on-board within the flow control apparatus 410. Passages for wiring for electrically interconnecting the battery, the sensor 426, the controller and the actuator 422 are also provided within the apparatus 410.

In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the present disclosure. Although certain dimensions and materials are described for implementing the disclosed example embodiments, other suitable dimensions and/or materials may be used within the scope of this disclosure. All such modifications and variations, including all suitable current and future changes in technology, are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the present disclosure. All references mentioned are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 

1. A fluid communication-interference body for interfering with fluid communication through an opening within a wellbore, comprising: a sensor configured for sensing an actuating signal; a trigger configured for establishing a fluid passage extending though the body in response to the sensing of a signal by the sensor.
 2. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 1; wherein the established fluid passage extends between a first port, defined at a first surface portion of the body, and a second port, defined at a second surface portion of the body.
 3. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 2; wherein, relative to the first port, the second port is disposed on an opposite side of the body.
 4. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a sealing interface; wherein: the trigger includes an actuator; the actuator is responsive to sensing of the signal by the sensor for defeating the sealing interface such that the establishment of the fluid passage is effected.
 5. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 4; wherein the actuator includes a squib.
 6. A fluid communication-interference body for interfering with fluid communication through an opening within a wellbore, comprising: a sensor; a sealing interface; and an actuator; wherein the actuator is responsive to sensing of the actuating signal by the sensor, for changing a condition of the sealing interface such that the sealing interface becomes disposed in a defeatable condition, such that, in response to receiving communication of a pressurized fluid, the sealing interface is defeated and establishment of a fluid passage extending through the body is effected.
 7. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 6; wherein the established fluid passage extends between a first port, defined at a first surface portion of the body, and a second port, defined at a second surface portion of the body.
 8. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 7; wherein, relative to the first port, the second port is disposed on an opposite side of the body.
 9. The fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 8; wherein the actuator includes a squib.
 10. A process for implementing a wellbore operation within a wellbore disposed within a subterranean formation, comprising: conducting fluid through an opening within the wellbore; seating the fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 1 against a seat disposed within the wellbore such that the closing of the opening is effected; and after the seating of the fluid communication-interference body against the seat has been effected, transmitting an actuating signal downhole such that the actuating signal is sensed by the sensor of the fluid communication-interference body, such that the fluid passage is established and is disposed in fluid communication with the opening.
 11. The process as claimed in claim 10; prior to the conducting of fluid through an opening within a wellbore, displacing a flow control member, relative to a port of a wellbore string disposed within the wellbore, wherein the opening is disposed uphole relative to the port, such that: fluid communication is effected between the wellbore and the subterranean formation; and while the conducting of fluid through an opening is being effected, the fluid is conducted into the subterranean formation via the port.
 12. The process as claimed in claim 11; wherein the flow control member includes a toe sleeve.
 13. A process for implementing a wellbore operation within a wellbore disposed within a subterranean formation, comprising: conducting fluid through an opening within the wellbore; seating the fluid communication-interference body as claimed in claim 7 against a seat disposed within the wellbore such that the closing of the opening is effected; and after the seating of the fluid communication-interference body against the seat has been effected, transmitting an actuating signal downhole such that the actuating signal is sensed by the sensor of the fluid communication-interference body, such that the sealing interface becomes disposed in a defeatable condition; and while the sealing interface is disposed in the defeatable condition, supplying pressurized fluid to the wellbore such that the sealing interface receives the pressurized fluid with effect that the sealing interface becomes defeated and such that the fluid passage is established and is disposed in fluid communication with the opening.
 14. The process as claimed in claim 13; wherein the established fluid passage, of the fluid communication interference body, extends between a first port, defined at a first surface portion of the body, and a second port, defined at a second surface portion of the body.
 15. The process as claimed in claim 14; wherein, relative to the first port of the fluid communication-interference body, the second port is disposed on an opposite side of the body.
 16. The process as claimed in claim 13; prior to the conducting of fluid through an opening within a wellbore, displacing a flow control member, relative to a port of a wellbore string disposed within the wellbore, wherein the opening is disposed uphole relative to the port, such that: fluid communication is effected between the wellbore and the subterranean formation; and while the conducting of fluid through an opening is being effected, the fluid is conducted into the subterranean formation via the port.
 17. The process as claimed in claim 16; wherein the flow control member includes a toe sleeve.
 18. The process as claimed in claim 15; prior to the conducting of fluid through an opening within a wellbore, displacing a flow control member, relative to a port of a wellbore string disposed within the wellbore, wherein the opening is disposed uphole relative to the port, such that: fluid communication is effected between the wellbore and the subterranean formation; and while the conducting of fluid through an opening is being effected, the fluid is conducted into the subterranean formation via the port.
 19. The process as claimed in claim 18; wherein the flow control member includes a toe sleeve. 